Peer Review

Introduction

The Journal of Business, Management and Intelligent Systems (JBMIS) is committed to publishing high-quality, original, and ethically responsible research. Peer review is an essential part of this commitment. It supports the journal in evaluating the academic quality, originality, methodology, clarity, and relevance of submitted manuscripts.

JBMIS is committed to fairness, confidentiality, transparency, and editorial independence at all stages of the peer review process.

Peer Review Policy

This journal follows a single-anonymized peer review process. All submissions to JBMIS are first reviewed for completeness and alignment with the journal’s aims and scope. Submissions are then assessed by an editor, who determines whether they are suitable for peer review. The decision as to whether an article is accepted or rejected will be made by the journal’s editors.

Where an editor is listed as an author or has any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another qualified member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to oversee the peer review process. Editors will consider the peer reviewers’ reports when making a decision; however, the final editorial decision will be based on the editors’ independent assessment of the manuscript’s quality, relevance, originality, and contribution to the journal.

Peer Reviewer Diversity

JBMIS is committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion. The journal strives to promote diverse representation among peer reviewers. Editors are encouraged to consider reviewers from different geographic regions, gender identities, racial and ethnic backgrounds, and other underrepresented groups when inviting reviewers.

Peer Reviewer Selection

Peer reviewer selection is an important part of the publication process at the Journal of Business, Management and Intelligent Systems (JBMIS). Reviewers are selected based on several factors, including subject-matter expertise, academic reputation, relevant recommendations, potential conflicts of interest, and previous review performance. JBMIS values reviewers who provide timely, thorough, constructive, well-reasoned, and professional feedback.

Editorial Responsibilities

For manuscripts reporting original research or secondary analysis of original research, editors are expected to invite a minimum of two independent peer reviewers. However, JBMIS recognizes that, in some exceptional cases, particularly in highly specialized or emerging fields, it may not always be possible to secure two independent reviewers.

In such cases, the editor may make an editorial decision based on one peer review report, provided that the report is detailed, objective, constructive, and meets the journal’s standards for quality and scholarly evaluation. The final decision will remain the responsibility of the journal’s editors and will be based on the manuscript’s quality, originality, methodological soundness, relevance to the journal’s aims and scope, and contribution to the field.

Editors are expected to independently verify the identity, affiliation, and contact details of any reviewers suggested by authors or other third parties before inviting them to review a manuscript.

Peer Review Responsibilities

Peer review reports should be written in English and should provide constructive, critical evaluations of the authors’ work. Reviewers are expected to assess the appropriateness of the methods used, the accuracy of the results, and whether the conclusions are clearly supported by the findings.

Review reports should be detailed, objective, respectful, and supported by clear reasoning. Editorial decisions should be based on substantive peer review comments rather than short or superficial reports that do not provide a clear rationale for their recommendations.

Peer Reviewer Misconduct

Providing false or misleading information, including identity theft or suggesting fake peer reviewers, will result in rejection of the manuscript and may lead to further investigation in accordance with JBMIS publication ethics and research misconduct policies. Where appropriate, JBMIS may notify the authors’ institutions, employers, or relevant authorities.

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Writing and Formatting

File Format

Title Page

Authors must include a separate title page with the following information:

Article Title

The article title should be concise, clear, and informative. Authors should avoid abbreviations, acronyms, and formulae in the title whenever possible, unless they are widely recognized and commonly understood, such as AI, DNA, or SMEs.

Author Names

The title page must include the full given name(s) and family name(s) of each author. The order of authors must be the same as the order entered in the journal’s submission system. Authors should carefully check that all names are spelled correctly. If necessary, authors may include their names in their own script in parentheses after the English transliteration.

Affiliations

Author affiliations should be listed below the author names and should refer to the institution where the research was carried out. Affiliations should be indicated using lower-case superscript letters immediately after each author’s name and before the corresponding affiliation address. Each affiliation should include the full postal address, including the department, institution, city, country, and, where available, the email address of each author.

Corresponding Author

The corresponding author must be clearly identified on the title page. The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal during the submission, peer review, revision, publication, and post-publication stages. This responsibility includes responding to any future questions about the article, including questions related to the research results, data, methodology, materials, and ethical approvals where applicable. The email address and contact details of the corresponding author must be accurate and kept up to date throughout the submission and publication process.

Present or Permanent Address

If an author has moved to another institution after the research was carried out, or if the author was visiting another institution during the research period, a present address or permanent address may be included as a footnote to the author’s name. The institution where the research was carried out must remain the author’s main affiliation.

Abstract

Authors are required to provide a concise and factual abstract that does not exceed 250 words. The abstract should briefly state the purpose of the research, the methodology or approach used, the principal findings, and the major conclusions of the study.

The abstract must be able to stand alone, as abstracts are often presented separately from the full article in indexing databases, search engines, and journal platforms. Authors should ensure that the abstract clearly reflects the content and contribution of the manuscript.

References should generally be avoided in the abstract. If a reference is essential, the author’s name and year of publication should be included. Authors should avoid non-standard or uncommon abbreviations. If an abbreviation is essential, it must be defined at first mention within the abstract.

Keywords

Authors are required to provide 3 to 7 keywords for indexing purposes. Keywords must be written in English and should accurately reflect the main topics, methods, and subject areas of the manuscript.

Authors should choose clear, specific, and searchable keywords that help readers, databases, and search engines identify the article. Where possible, authors should avoid long keyword phrases and avoid keywords that rely heavily on words such as “and” or “of.” Abbreviations should only be used as keywords if they are widely recognized and firmly established in the relevant field.

Mathematical Formulae and Equations

Authors should submit mathematical equations as editable text and not as images. Simple formulae should be presented in line with the normal text where possible. Equations that are important to the manuscript should be displayed separately from the main text and numbered consecutively in the order in which they are cited. Each equation should be clearly referred to in the text.

Tables

Tables must be submitted as editable text and should not be provided as images. Authors should ensure that tables are clearly formatted, readable, and directly relevant to the content of the manuscript.

Tables should be placed close to the relevant discussion in the manuscript. Alternatively, they may be included on separate pages at the end of the manuscript if required by the submission format. All tables must be cited in the main text and numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear, such as Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3.

Each table must include a clear, concise, and descriptive caption. Any explanatory notes, definitions, abbreviations, or source information related to the table should be placed below the table body.

Authors should avoid excessive formatting, including vertical lines, unnecessary shading, and overly complex table structures. Tables should be used only when they improve the clarity and presentation of information. Data presented in tables should not unnecessarily duplicate information already described in the main text.

Figures and Images

Figures, images, diagrams, charts, and other graphical materials must be submitted in a clear and high-quality format. Authors should ensure that all graphical materials are directly relevant to the manuscript and support the presentation of the research findings.

All figures and images must be cited in the manuscript text and numbered consecutively according to the order in which they appear, such as Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3. Each figure or image should be submitted as a separate file, unless it is embedded in the manuscript according to the journal’s submission format. Authors should use a clear and logical file-naming convention, such as Figure_1, Figure_2, and Figure_3.

Each figure must include a clear, concise, and descriptive caption. Any necessary explanations, abbreviations, symbols, permissions, or source information should be included in the caption or figure notes.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that they have permission to reproduce any copyrighted images, figures, diagrams, or other graphical materials. Images should not be manipulated in a way that misrepresents the data or research findings.

Video Materials

JBMIS accepts video materials and animation files that support, clarify, or enhance the presentation of scholarly research. Authors may include links to video or animation files when such materials provide additional value to the article and help readers better understand the research methods, findings, demonstrations, models, or applications discussed in the manuscript.

When submitting video materials, authors should clearly indicate in the manuscript where the video or animation should be referenced. Each file must be clearly labeled using a logical file name that reflects its content, such as Video_1 or Animation_1.

Authors should ensure that all video and animation files are submitted in an appropriate format and are of suitable quality for online publication. A short descriptive text should be included in the manuscript to explain the content and purpose of each video. This description supports accessibility and helps readers understand the video content even when the file cannot be viewed directly.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that they have the necessary rights and permissions to use and submit any video, animation, audio, image, or third-party material included in their submission. Video materials must not misrepresent the research, data, results, or conclusions of the study.

Article Structure

Article Sections

Authors should divide the manuscript into clearly defined and numbered sections. Main sections should be numbered consecutively as 1, 2, 3, and so on. Subsections should be numbered as 1.1, 1.2, and further subsections as 1.1.1, 1.1.2, where necessary.

Section and subsection headings should be concise, informative, and placed on a separate line. Authors should ensure that the structure of the manuscript is clear and easy to follow.

When referring to another part of the manuscript, authors should use the relevant section number. For example, authors should write “as discussed in Section 2.1” rather than using vague expressions such as “as mentioned in the text.”

The Abstract should not be included in the section numbering. Section numbering should begin with the main text, normally starting with 1. Introduction.

Theory and Calculation

JBMIS welcomes manuscripts that include a clear theoretical foundation and, where applicable, a well-structured calculation or analytical section. The theory section should extend the background presented in the introduction and provide the conceptual, mathematical, managerial, or technological basis for the study. Authors should clearly explain the theories, models, frameworks, assumptions, or principles that support the research problem and guide the development of the study.

The calculation section should demonstrate how the theoretical foundation is applied in practice. This may include mathematical formulations, statistical procedures, computational methods, algorithms, simulations, optimization models, financial calculations, or analytical procedures used to support the research findings. Authors should present calculations clearly and logically so that readers can understand the connection between the theoretical basis and the practical results.

For articles related to business, management, data analytics, artificial intelligence, intelligent systems, decision-making, or digital transformation, this section should help readers understand how theoretical concepts are translated into measurable, testable, or applicable outcomes. All equations, models, assumptions, and computational steps should be explained sufficiently to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and academic rigor.

Footnotes

Authors are advised to use footnotes sparingly and only when additional clarification is necessary. Essential information should be included in the main text rather than in footnotes whenever possible.

If footnotes are included in the manuscript, they must be numbered consecutively throughout the article. Authors may use the footnote function of their word-processing software to insert and format footnotes automatically. Alternatively, authors may indicate the position of each footnote in the text and provide the corresponding footnotes in a separate section at the end of the manuscript.

Acknowledgements

Authors should include an Acknowledgements section to recognize individuals, institutions, or organizations that provided support during the preparation of the manuscript but do not meet the criteria for authorship.

Acknowledgements may include support related to language editing, writing assistance, proofreading, technical support, data collection, administrative assistance, or other contributions that supported the research or manuscript preparation.

The Acknowledgements section should be presented as a separate section placed before the References list. It should not appear on the title page, as a footnote to the title, or in any other part of the manuscript. Authors are responsible for ensuring that all individuals named in the Acknowledgements section have given permission to be acknowledged.

Appendices

Authors may include appendices when additional material is necessary to support the manuscript but is too detailed to be included in the main text. Appendices may include supplementary explanations, extended tables, additional figures, mathematical derivations, questionnaires, algorithms, or technical details.

Each appendix should be identified using capital letters, such as Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C. Formulae and equations included in appendices should be numbered separately from those in the main text. For example, equations in Appendix A should be numbered as Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), and so on. Equations in Appendix B should be numbered as Eq. (B.1), Eq. (B.2), and so on.

Tables and figures in appendices should also be numbered separately. For example, tables and figures in Appendix A should be labelled as Table A.1, Table A.2, Fig. A.1, and Fig. A.2. Similarly, tables and figures in Appendix B should be labelled as Table B.1 and Fig. B.1.

All appendices must be cited in the main text where relevant. Authors should ensure that appendix materials are clearly organized and directly related to the content of the manuscript.

References

JBMIS uses the APA 7th edition referencing style for in-text citations and the reference list.

References Within Text

Any references cited within your article should also be present in your reference list and vice versa. Please follow these guidelines:

• References cited in the abstract must be given in full.

• We recommend that you do not include unpublished results and personal communications in the reference list, though you may mention them in the text.

• Any unpublished results and personal communications included in the reference list must follow the standard reference style of the journal. In place of the publication date, add “unpublished results” or “personal communication.”

• References cited as “in press” imply that the item has been accepted for publication.

Linking to cited sources will increase the discoverability of your research. We encourage the use of Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) as reference links, as they provide a permanent link to the electronic article referenced.

Before submission, check that all data provided in the reference list are correct, including any references which have been copied. Incorrect surnames, journal or book titles, publication years, or pagination within your references may prevent link creation.

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Use of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in Manuscript Preparation

JBMIS recognizes that generative AI and AI-assisted technologies may support researchers in preparing manuscripts when they are used responsibly, ethically, and transparently.

Authors may use AI tools to assist with tasks such as improving language and readability, organizing content, summarizing literature, identifying research gaps, generating ideas, or supporting the development of research materials. However, AI tools must not be used as a substitute for human critical thinking, scholarly judgment, subject expertise, or independent evaluation.

AI tools must always be used under human oversight and control. Authors are fully responsible and accountable for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and reliability of the content submitted to JBMIS.

Authors who use generative AI or AI-assisted tools must carefully review, edit, and verify all AI-generated content. This includes checking the accuracy of facts, citations, references, data, arguments, and conclusions. Authors should be aware that AI-generated references may be inaccurate, incomplete, or fabricated.

Authors must ensure that the final manuscript reflects their own original contribution, analysis, interpretation, insights, and scholarly judgment. AI-generated content should not replace the intellectual contribution of the authors.

The use of AI tools must be disclosed at the time of submission. Authors should include a clear statement explaining how AI tools were used in the preparation of the manuscript, where applicable.

Authors are also responsible for protecting data privacy, confidentiality, intellectual property, and other rights when using AI tools. They should review the terms and conditions of any AI tool before use, especially when entering unpublished manuscripts, confidential data, sensitive information, or personally identifiable information.

AI tools must not be listed as authors or co-authors. Authorship is limited to individuals who meet the journal’s authorship criteria and can take responsibility for the submitted work.

Responsible Use of AI Tools

Authors must use AI tools responsibly and transparently. They should ensure that any AI-assisted work is accurate, unbiased, properly reviewed, and consistent with ethical standards in research and publication.

Authors must not upload confidential, sensitive, copyrighted, proprietary, or personally identifiable information to AI tools unless they have permission to do so and the tool provides appropriate protection for privacy and confidentiality.

Authors should ensure that the use of AI tools does not create restrictions that could affect the publication, reuse, or ownership of the manuscript or any related materials.

AI Disclosure Statement

Where AI tools have been used, authors must include an AI Disclosure Statement in the manuscript or during submission.

A suitable statement may be:

During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used generative AI and/or AI-assisted tools to support language editing, readability, and/or content organization. The authors reviewed, edited, and verified all AI-assisted content and take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the final manuscript.

If no AI tools were used, authors may state:

The authors declare that no generative AI or AI-assisted technologies were used in the preparation of this manuscript.